Fixed-Term Employment to Relieve an Ailing Employee
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This contract should be used sparingly. Fixed-term employment agreement is a highly specialized form since it lies more on the exception than the rule.
This means that when there is doubt as to propriety on the use of this agreement, it shall be resolved by labor authorities in favor of employees. For instance, as between the claim that the employee is fixed-term and regular, the labor tribunal will most likely rule that the employee is regular if there is doubt in the terms used in the agreement.
The sample template here minimizes if not eliminates doubts since this was crafted in accordance with the legal requirements.
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Our jurisprudence had likewise settled the legitimacy of fixed-term employment. In the landmark case of Brent School, Inc. v. Zamora (260 Phil. 747, 756-757, 763-764 (1990).) the Supreme Court held that regular employment rules have no application to fixed-term employment. The latter is a relationship where a fixed period of employment was agreed upon knowingly and voluntarily by the parties, without any force, duress or improper pressure being brought to bear upon the employee and absent any other circumstances vitiating his consent, or where it satisfactorily appears that the employer and employee dealt with each other on more or less equal terms with no moral dominance whatever being exercised by the former over the latter.
The Court laid down the following indicators under which fixed-term employment could not be construed as a circumvention of the law on security of tenure: (a) The fixed period of employment was knowingly and voluntarily agreed upon by the parties without any force, duress, or improper pressure being brought to bear upon the employee and absent any other circumstances vitiating his consent; or
(b) It satisfactorily appears that the employer and the employee dealt with each other on more or less equal terms with no moral dominance exercised by the former or the latter. (OKS Designtech, Inc. vs. Caccam, G.R. No. 211263, August 05, 2015).
Thus, following the above rules, the fixed-term agreement is best for instances where the regular employee has gone on maternity leave. This indicates the replacement as temporary in nature since after the maternity the employee returns to work. The company cannot afford to have two regular employees for the same post. This is the reason why fixed-term contract is the best to use here. It also applies to similar circumstances where temporary assumption of duties of a regular position is necessary. It is much safer not to extend if the term has arrived since this form of contract should strictly follow the rules.
The template here is designed having in mind a regular employee who takes a medical leave due to illness. Since the post is regular or plantilla, the replacement cannot become regular since when the employee on leave returns there cannot be two holders for the same position. That is not the intention of the employer.
Hence, the best contract to use is the Fixed Term since this does not confer regular status as long as the parties have complied with the requisites for valid Fixed Term employment.
In the template, the following are indicated:
1. Parties to the agreement;
2. Whereas clauses;
a. Term
b. Duration
c. Voluntariness
3. Commencement Clause
4. Just and Authorized cause for dismissal or termination
5. Place of posting
6. Duties and responsibilities
7. Compensation and benefits
8. Consent under Data Privacy Law
9. Signature
10. Acknowledgment
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Pages
I………. Introduction ……………………………………………………. 1
II……… Chapter I: Pre-hiring forms ………………………………. 3
A….. Sample Application Form …………………………. 5
B….. Sample Application Letter by Employee ……. 21
C….. Employment Checklist …………………………….. 23
III…….. Chapter II: Contracts at point of hiring …………….. 27
A….. Employment Contracts ……………………………. 27
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C….. Contract for Regular Employment …………….. 69
D….. Contract for Casual Employment ………………. 75
E….. Contract for Project Employment ……………… 85
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G…. Contract for Fixed Term Employment ………. 105
H….. Contract for Part Time Employment ………… 113
I…… Transfer of Employees …………………………… 121
IV…….. Chapter III: Forms Used During Employment ….. 125
A….. Notices to Explain ………………………………… 129
Sample notices to explain (where imposable penalty is a warning) for the following offenses 131
i…… Violation of company policies on …………………… 132
1….. General Cleanliness ……………………………… 132
2….. Littering ………………………………………………. 133
3….. Smudging ……………………………………………. 134
4….. Disorderly Filing ……………………………………. 135
5….. Designated dining areas ………………………… 136
ii….. Attendance …………………………………………………. 138
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iv…. Punctuality/Time-keeping …………………………….. 146
1….. Tardiness …………………………………………….. 146
2….. Failure to log-in ……………………………………. 148
3….. Failure to log-out ………………………………….. 149
v….. Knowingly punching timecard or logging in attendance for other employees 150
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vii… Unauthorized alteration made on other’s timecard with consent of such employee 153
viii.. Unauthorized alteration made on other’s timecard without the consent of such employee 154
ix…. Unauthorized removal of one’s timecard or attendance sheet 155
x….. Unauthorized removal of another’s timecard or attendance sheet 157
xi…. Unauthorized concealment of one’s timecard or attendance sheet 158
xii… Unauthorized concealment of another’s timecard or attendance sheet 159
xiii.. Intentional destruction of one’s timecard or attendance sheet 161
xiv… Intentional destruction of another’s timecard or attendance sheet 162
xv…. Dress Code ………………………………………………….. 164
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xvi… Identification card ……………………………………….. 171
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7….. Concealment of another’s ID card …………… 179
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xvii.. Loitering …………………………………………………….. 182
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Sample notices to explain (where imposable penalty is suspension) 199
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Sample notice to explain (where imposable penalty is dismissal) 209
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7….. Concealment of another’s ID card……………. 288
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